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Glossary of Veneer and Plywood Terms
BACKING VENEER - The layer of veneer used on the reverse side of a piece of plywood from the face or decorative side.
BALANCE MATCH - Any number of pieces of veneer of equal width matched (book, slip or reverse slip) in the face.
BOOK MATCH - A book match is accomplished when one piece of veneer is turned over to join the adjacent piece, like turning the pages of a book. This results in a repeating grain pattern.
BUTT MATCH - Same as End matching which consist of opening two matching pieces of veneer end wise rather than edge wise (book watch). This may be done to make a balanced face (for a top, for example) or if long panels are required beyond limits of the veneer length. It is particularly essential that grain character be precisely matched for sight continuity at the joint.
CANT - That section of a log or piece of wood made ready, by sawing, for cutting into veneer in the proper manner desired. After cutting this section of the log, the sheets are kept together consecutively, as cut, and handled in sequence through process of clipping and drying, so that they are crated for shipment in the same order. This also is called flitch.
CENTER MATCH - An even number of veneers of equal width matched (usually book, but also slip or reverse slip) in the face so that an equal number of veneers are on either side of the center point (which is a veneer joint) of the face.
CHECKS - Fine splits or separations running parallel with grain or lineal porous structures of the veneer. There is also cross checking which may appear in end woody types of veneer figure where separation is in the vertical porous structure.
CHIPCORE - A product made wood chips (usually cut to a certain size, depending on the particular process) mixed with a bonding material (probably of a resin base) and pressed into boards or panels of stock sizes and thickness such as 3/4” x 4’ x 8’. This is core material for thick plywood where otherwise limber core is used. Obviously, it is a product of much higher utilization than lumber and has become highly specialized with advancing technology. The “wood chips” may be anything from shavings (Flakeboard) to finely ground particles (Particle Board) and various combinations thereof with a high degree of sophistication in the density and character of the binder.
COMMERCIAL VENEER - Commercial Veneer is a rather loose term generally applied to veneers cut to mechanical or structural specifications, in contrast to face veneers intended for aesthetic purposes. So-called commercial veneers are usually rotary cut and include all of the crossbands and core and backing items which go to make up plywood, as well as some stock for faces of plywood where the appearance of the face is not necessarily for decorative purposes. Some special commercial veneers are sliced.
CORE - The relatively thick veneer or thicker lumber or chip core which is the center ”ply” of any panel. I the case of a 3-ply panel, for instance, the grain of the core runs across the panel perpendicular to the direction of grain of face back. On a 5-ply panel, the direction of grain of the core runs parallel with the face and back, but perpendicular to the crossbands which lay between the face and the core and the back and the core. In the case of 7-ply panel, the core grain direction runs opposite to the face and back again, and so on.
CROSSBANDS - the layer or plys of veneer with the grain running perpendicular to that of the face and back in a panel constructed of 5 plys or more.
DOOR STOCK - This is a general term commonly used in veneer and plywood manufacture referring to veneers which may be specified for the face the door and suitable for the door cutting which is usually 86” for “standard” doors but very commonly 104” to 111” or longer.
DRAWER BOTTOM STOCK - Term rather generally applied to any veneer, usually of comparatively low grade for reasons of one undesirable characteristic or another, which is used for the panel constituting the bottom of drawers in furniture and desks. Before the advent of particle board, all bottoms of all drawers of all furniture were plywood.
DYED VENEER - It seems to have been an obsession of man to manipulate the coloring of wood far beyond the imagination of the Creator. This is evident in ancient inlay work (of course modern as well) and on to the current century. However, nothing substantial was really accomplished until the advent of modern analine dyes and sophisticated processing which makes possible enduing results of quality. While somewhat “standard” colors may be available in most species, it is possible to match almost any color presented if commercially feasible...
END MATCH - End matching consist of opening two matching pieces of veneer end wise rather than edge wise (book watch). This may be done to make a balanced face (for a top, for example) or if long panels are required beyond limits of the veneer length. It is particularly essential that grain character be precisely matched for sight continuity at the joint.
FACE VENEER - The decorative veneer on the face of the panel; the exposed side, be it wall paneling, furniture, cabinet or other.
FINGER JOINT END MATCH - This is an end match of the veneer in which the finger jointing must be “hand done” in order to absolutely match the grain lines of the two pieces. Properly done, the “joint” is almost imperceptible.
FLITCH - That section of a log or piece of wood made ready, by sawing, for cutting into veneer in the proper manner desired. After cutting this section of the log, the sheets are kept together consecutively, as cut, and handled in sequence through process of clipping and drying, so that they are crated for shipment in the same order. This also is called flitch.
GRAIN - The term applied loosely and generally to almost any visual effect of porous structure.
HALFROUND - A means of cutting veneer on a lathe, utilizing stay-log. This results in a grain pattern between sliced and rotary cut.
HARDBOARD - A product made in similar manner to chipcore except finer wood particles are used, resulting in a denser board and, ordinarily, with one smooth hard surface and a matted back surface. It is produced in various grades of varying properties. There are numerous processes for making chipcore and hardboard, all of which result in basically similar products. (reference chipcore)
HARDWOODS - Common classification including all broad-leaved trees as opposed to the general category of the conifers, or cone-bearers which constitute Softwoods. The hardness or texture of the wood itself has no bearing on the groupings. This is a close non-technical interpretation o the botanical division of plants into the (1.) Angiosperms, meaning that the seeds are enclosed in an ovary or closed cavity, and (2.) Gymnosperms, meaning they are not; these are Softwoods. Angiosperms are divided into (1.) Monocotyledons (plants with single seed-leaf) and (2.) Dicotyledones (those with two seed leaves or cotyledons). The latter includes most shrubs and Hardwood trees. Technically then, Hardwoods are Dicotyledonous Angiosperms. Most of the flora of the world is made up of Angiosperms and but a relatively minute portion consist of the commercially important Gymnosperms, most common to the North Temperate Zone.
HEARTWOOD - The center, mature, “dead” portion of the tree, darker in color in contrast to sap, to a greater or lesser extent, depending on species.
KNOT - Cross section of branch, grain of which runs approximately at right angles t o that of the piece in which it occurs.
LONGWOOD - General term often applied to veneer cut from the trunk of the tree in any of the various manners as illustrated. However, this term is also used rather loosely by many to refer to flat cut veneer of the more popular species in use.
MARQUETRY FACES - A background face of veneer into which has been inlaid a decorative or picture design by use of segments of woods of various character and color.
MEDULLARY RAY - The medullary ray is an arrangement of cellular structure in a tree which radiates out from the center to the perimeter of the log. In other words, this medullary ray growth is perpendicular to the growth ring line. It is in some evidence in veneer of various species, such as Maple, African Mahogany, Beech and Brown Elm, but to a comparatively limited extent, In most hardwood species, it is not of any significance in appearance. On the other hand, the Oaks and American Sycamore or English Plane Tree and Lacewood or Silky Oak have characteristically heavy medullary ray growth, and the quartered flake figure in these woods is the result.
MISMATCH - Same as Random Match. This specification indicates veneers, either sliced or rotary, are put together at random for the face of a piece of plywood, with no attempt to match grain. However, it is generally understood the purpose here is to give a general semblance of overall uniformity, as compared to contrast plank effect intended in the Plank Match.
NATURAL - A general descriptive term to indicate “unselected for color” in grading veneer or lumber of such hardwoods as Birch, Maple and Ash. Also sometimes used to describe appearance of veneer of lumber with a high degree of sound character markings
OVERLAYS - In manufacturing certain veneers from such irregular shaped solids as Burls and Clusters and Stumps, small and odd shaped pieces of veneer result from “rounding up”. From these are clipped rectangular books(usually eight matching pieces or more), generally 5” and wider and 6” and linger. These “books” are bulk crated and sold as Overlays. They usually show very good figure and are popular and economical for endless patterns of small alternating character.
PANEL STOCK - The same general application described under Door Stock, except that it refers to stock panels which are 4’ wide and 8’ long. Therefore, the gross length of the veneer required for these panels is at least 98” to 100”. It may include 9’ and 10’ lengths.
PARTICLE BOARD - Same as Chipcore. A product made wood chips (usually cut to a certain size, depending on the particular process) mixed with a bonding material (probably of a resin base) and pressed into boards or panels of stock sizes and thickness such as 3/4” x 4’ x 8’. This is core material for thick plywood where otherwise limber core is used. Obviously, it is a product of much higher utilization than lumber and has become highly specialized with advancing technology. The “wood chips” may be anything from shavings (Flakeboard) to finely ground particles (Particle Board) and various combinations thereof with a high degree of sophistication in the density and character of the binder.
PEELED - Same as rotary cut. This particular term more generally used and applied to commercial and Fire production.
PIN KNOT - A knot less than 1/4” in diameter which shows a distinct center portion. It is merely a very small branch growth which did not develop for one reason or another.
PLAIN SLICED - Method of cutting veneer across the half log; tangential cut.
PLANK MATCH - This specification indicated veneers are put together for the face of a piece of plywood at random, with no matching grain character in the same face. When sliced veneers are used, this results in the surface appearance of jointed solid lumber in furniture.
PLY - A term referring to any layer of veneer in a piece of plywood. A 3-ply panel has three layers of veneer, 5-ply has five layers, etc.
QUARTER CUT - Method of cutting veneer as nearly to the radius of the log as possible from pi-cut segments, usually quarters.
QUARTER FLAT - Method of cutting veneer from a quarter of a log (tangential cut) in contrast to half log in plain slicing.
RANDOM MATCH - This specification indicates veneers, either sliced or rotary, are put together at random for the face of a piece of plywood, with no attempt to match grain. However, it is generally understood the purpose here is to give a general semblance of overall uniformity, as compared to contrast plank effect intended in the Plank Match.
RECONSTITUTED VENEER - This product is mad by laminating a block of veneers from what one would call the “edge” of the block; i.e. across the layers of veneer laminated together,. In its simplest application, it is obvious the edges of the laminated veneer become the “grain” of the Reconstituted Veneer and so the “grain” is perfectly straight. By maneuvering the contour of the laminations in the block form, any desired configuration can be attained. Reconstituted Veneer may be dyed as well (see Dyed Veneer). This product allows the “natural” substance to be maintained while freeing the designer to manipulate his/her own horizons.
REVERSE SLIP MATCH - The variation from slip match is that every other piece of veneer in the face is reversed, end for end, with the adjoining sheet which ?balances? the characteristics of the pieces of veneer in the face. It eliminates the ?marching? of character marks across the face. It is the ideal way of taking advantage of the natural character of the veneer with good ?balance? in the face.
ROTARY CUT - Manner of cutting veneer whereby a log is centered in large lathe. As the log revolves, the cutting knife moves slowly toward the center (varying by thickness of the veneer being cut, for instance), and a continuous sheet of veneer is peeled from the log. ex Rotary Book Match
SAPWOOD - This is the outer and living portion of the tree. As additional layers of growth accumulate on the outer perimeter, the inner layers of the sapwood become heartwood. Sap is lighter in color and the differentiation in color and thickness of the sap layer varies considerably by species.
SKETCH FACES - Face of single ply veneer, cut and designed in patterns of varying intricacy to meet specifications of mechanical assembly in grain - or character appearances of veneer used for each segment - all as set forth in sketch of the face submitted with requisition. Such faces are often two-piled
SLICED - This is the method by which most of the find face of veneers are cut. Flat cut and quartered veneers are cut on the slicer as are crotch blocks. The log is first sawn into flitches (sometimes called cants), and this is most commonly a quarter section or half section of a log. It may be trimmed to a many-sided section, but two parallel sides are necessary, one to be held against the surface of the flitch table on the slicer, which clamps the flitch and moves up and down by an electric drive in a slightly shearing motion. The slicer knife, on another section of the machine is fed toward the flitch table slowly, in increments depending on thickness of veneer being cut. In contrast t the feed on the veneer lathe,which moves the knife steadily into the log in rotary cutting, the slicer knife is moved toward the flitch the full amount of the thickness of veneer with each stroke.
SLIP MATCH - This is a method of matching veneers for the face of plywood whereby consecutive sheets of veneer are slipped out side by side (in contrast to turning them over for book matching) and joined together with a repetition of the same grain appearance.
SOFTWOODS - These are the conifers or cone-bearing trees, the Gymnosperms as described in comparison under Hardwoods.
SPECIAL MATCH - Special matching or sketch matching (per a sketch submitted) of veneers may be done in an infinite number of patters, including the more common diamond match, box match, checkerboard and herringbone and a host of others. Any of these may likely be a center design with border.
STUMPWOOD - Stumpwood is that portion of the tree just below the surface and for some 30” above the ground. Veneer cut from this portion is more commonly called Butt Veneer.
TWO PLY - A term indicating treatment of veneers difficult to work and inclined to checking as well as sketch faces where assembly of veneers and patterns result in varying directions of grain in the same face. Such veneers are then worked into desired face (likely a sketch face) and then glued to a thin ply of commercial veneer to hold and stabilize the face. This is two-ply and can then be used and applied as a face on plywood construction as any ordinary single ply veneer. example
BACKING VENEER - The layer of veneer used on the reverse side of a piece of plywood from the face or decorative side.
BALANCE MATCH - Any number of pieces of veneer of equal width matched (book, slip or reverse slip) in the face.
BOOK MATCH - A book match is accomplished when one piece of veneer is turned over to join the adjacent piece, like turning the pages of a book. This results in a repeating grain pattern.
BUTT MATCH - Same as End matching which consist of opening two matching pieces of veneer end wise rather than edge wise (book watch). This may be done to make a balanced face (for a top, for example) or if long panels are required beyond limits of the veneer length. It is particularly essential that grain character be precisely matched for sight continuity at the joint.
CANT - That section of a log or piece of wood made ready, by sawing, for cutting into veneer in the proper manner desired. After cutting this section of the log, the sheets are kept together consecutively, as cut, and handled in sequence through process of clipping and drying, so that they are crated for shipment in the same order. This also is called flitch.
CENTER MATCH - An even number of veneers of equal width matched (usually book, but also slip or reverse slip) in the face so that an equal number of veneers are on either side of the center point (which is a veneer joint) of the face.
CHECKS - Fine splits or separations running parallel with grain or lineal porous structures of the veneer. There is also cross checking which may appear in end woody types of veneer figure where separation is in the vertical porous structure.
CHIPCORE - A product made wood chips (usually cut to a certain size, depending on the particular process) mixed with a bonding material (probably of a resin base) and pressed into boards or panels of stock sizes and thickness such as 3/4” x 4’ x 8’. This is core material for thick plywood where otherwise limber core is used. Obviously, it is a product of much higher utilization than lumber and has become highly specialized with advancing technology. The “wood chips” may be anything from shavings (Flakeboard) to finely ground particles (Particle Board) and various combinations thereof with a high degree of sophistication in the density and character of the binder.
COMMERCIAL VENEER - Commercial Veneer is a rather loose term generally applied to veneers cut to mechanical or structural specifications, in contrast to face veneers intended for aesthetic purposes. So-called commercial veneers are usually rotary cut and include all of the crossbands and core and backing items which go to make up plywood, as well as some stock for faces of plywood where the appearance of the face is not necessarily for decorative purposes. Some special commercial veneers are sliced.
CORE - The relatively thick veneer or thicker lumber or chip core which is the center ”ply” of any panel. I the case of a 3-ply panel, for instance, the grain of the core runs across the panel perpendicular to the direction of grain of face back. On a 5-ply panel, the direction of grain of the core runs parallel with the face and back, but perpendicular to the crossbands which lay between the face and the core and the back and the core. In the case of 7-ply panel, the core grain direction runs opposite to the face and back again, and so on.
CROSSBANDS - the layer or plys of veneer with the grain running perpendicular to that of the face and back in a panel constructed of 5 plys or more.
DOOR STOCK - This is a general term commonly used in veneer and plywood manufacture referring to veneers which may be specified for the face the door and suitable for the door cutting which is usually 86” for “standard” doors but very commonly 104” to 111” or longer.
DRAWER BOTTOM STOCK - Term rather generally applied to any veneer, usually of comparatively low grade for reasons of one undesirable characteristic or another, which is used for the panel constituting the bottom of drawers in furniture and desks. Before the advent of particle board, all bottoms of all drawers of all furniture were plywood.
DYED VENEER - It seems to have been an obsession of man to manipulate the coloring of wood far beyond the imagination of the Creator. This is evident in ancient inlay work (of course modern as well) and on to the current century. However, nothing substantial was really accomplished until the advent of modern analine dyes and sophisticated processing which makes possible enduing results of quality. While somewhat “standard” colors may be available in most species, it is possible to match almost any color presented if commercially feasible...
END MATCH - End matching consist of opening two matching pieces of veneer end wise rather than edge wise (book watch). This may be done to make a balanced face (for a top, for example) or if long panels are required beyond limits of the veneer length. It is particularly essential that grain character be precisely matched for sight continuity at the joint.
FACE VENEER - The decorative veneer on the face of the panel; the exposed side, be it wall paneling, furniture, cabinet or other.
FINGER JOINT END MATCH - This is an end match of the veneer in which the finger jointing must be “hand done” in order to absolutely match the grain lines of the two pieces. Properly done, the “joint” is almost imperceptible.
FLITCH - That section of a log or piece of wood made ready, by sawing, for cutting into veneer in the proper manner desired. After cutting this section of the log, the sheets are kept together consecutively, as cut, and handled in sequence through process of clipping and drying, so that they are crated for shipment in the same order. This also is called flitch.
GRAIN - The term applied loosely and generally to almost any visual effect of porous structure.
HALFROUND - A means of cutting veneer on a lathe, utilizing stay-log. This results in a grain pattern between sliced and rotary cut.
HARDBOARD - A product made in similar manner to chipcore except finer wood particles are used, resulting in a denser board and, ordinarily, with one smooth hard surface and a matted back surface. It is produced in various grades of varying properties. There are numerous processes for making chipcore and hardboard, all of which result in basically similar products. (reference chipcore)
HARDWOODS - Common classification including all broad-leaved trees as opposed to the general category of the conifers, or cone-bearers which constitute Softwoods. The hardness or texture of the wood itself has no bearing on the groupings. This is a close non-technical interpretation o the botanical division of plants into the (1.) Angiosperms, meaning that the seeds are enclosed in an ovary or closed cavity, and (2.) Gymnosperms, meaning they are not; these are Softwoods. Angiosperms are divided into (1.) Monocotyledons (plants with single seed-leaf) and (2.) Dicotyledones (those with two seed leaves or cotyledons). The latter includes most shrubs and Hardwood trees. Technically then, Hardwoods are Dicotyledonous Angiosperms. Most of the flora of the world is made up of Angiosperms and but a relatively minute portion consist of the commercially important Gymnosperms, most common to the North Temperate Zone.
HEARTWOOD - The center, mature, “dead” portion of the tree, darker in color in contrast to sap, to a greater or lesser extent, depending on species.
KNOT - Cross section of branch, grain of which runs approximately at right angles t o that of the piece in which it occurs.
LONGWOOD - General term often applied to veneer cut from the trunk of the tree in any of the various manners as illustrated. However, this term is also used rather loosely by many to refer to flat cut veneer of the more popular species in use.
MARQUETRY FACES - A background face of veneer into which has been inlaid a decorative or picture design by use of segments of woods of various character and color.
MEDULLARY RAY - The medullary ray is an arrangement of cellular structure in a tree which radiates out from the center to the perimeter of the log. In other words, this medullary ray growth is perpendicular to the growth ring line. It is in some evidence in veneer of various species, such as Maple, African Mahogany, Beech and Brown Elm, but to a comparatively limited extent, In most hardwood species, it is not of any significance in appearance. On the other hand, the Oaks and American Sycamore or English Plane Tree and Lacewood or Silky Oak have characteristically heavy medullary ray growth, and the quartered flake figure in these woods is the result.
MISMATCH - Same as Random Match. This specification indicates veneers, either sliced or rotary, are put together at random for the face of a piece of plywood, with no attempt to match grain. However, it is generally understood the purpose here is to give a general semblance of overall uniformity, as compared to contrast plank effect intended in the Plank Match.
NATURAL - A general descriptive term to indicate “unselected for color” in grading veneer or lumber of such hardwoods as Birch, Maple and Ash. Also sometimes used to describe appearance of veneer of lumber with a high degree of sound character markings
OVERLAYS - In manufacturing certain veneers from such irregular shaped solids as Burls and Clusters and Stumps, small and odd shaped pieces of veneer result from “rounding up”. From these are clipped rectangular books(usually eight matching pieces or more), generally 5” and wider and 6” and linger. These “books” are bulk crated and sold as Overlays. They usually show very good figure and are popular and economical for endless patterns of small alternating character.
PANEL STOCK - The same general application described under Door Stock, except that it refers to stock panels which are 4’ wide and 8’ long. Therefore, the gross length of the veneer required for these panels is at least 98” to 100”. It may include 9’ and 10’ lengths.
PARTICLE BOARD - Same as Chipcore. A product made wood chips (usually cut to a certain size, depending on the particular process) mixed with a bonding material (probably of a resin base) and pressed into boards or panels of stock sizes and thickness such as 3/4” x 4’ x 8’. This is core material for thick plywood where otherwise limber core is used. Obviously, it is a product of much higher utilization than lumber and has become highly specialized with advancing technology. The “wood chips” may be anything from shavings (Flakeboard) to finely ground particles (Particle Board) and various combinations thereof with a high degree of sophistication in the density and character of the binder.
PEELED - Same as rotary cut. This particular term more generally used and applied to commercial and Fire production.
PIN KNOT - A knot less than 1/4” in diameter which shows a distinct center portion. It is merely a very small branch growth which did not develop for one reason or another.
PLAIN SLICED - Method of cutting veneer across the half log; tangential cut.
PLANK MATCH - This specification indicated veneers are put together for the face of a piece of plywood at random, with no matching grain character in the same face. When sliced veneers are used, this results in the surface appearance of jointed solid lumber in furniture.
PLY - A term referring to any layer of veneer in a piece of plywood. A 3-ply panel has three layers of veneer, 5-ply has five layers, etc.
QUARTER CUT - Method of cutting veneer as nearly to the radius of the log as possible from pi-cut segments, usually quarters.
QUARTER FLAT - Method of cutting veneer from a quarter of a log (tangential cut) in contrast to half log in plain slicing.
RANDOM MATCH - This specification indicates veneers, either sliced or rotary, are put together at random for the face of a piece of plywood, with no attempt to match grain. However, it is generally understood the purpose here is to give a general semblance of overall uniformity, as compared to contrast plank effect intended in the Plank Match.
RECONSTITUTED VENEER - This product is mad by laminating a block of veneers from what one would call the “edge” of the block; i.e. across the layers of veneer laminated together,. In its simplest application, it is obvious the edges of the laminated veneer become the “grain” of the Reconstituted Veneer and so the “grain” is perfectly straight. By maneuvering the contour of the laminations in the block form, any desired configuration can be attained. Reconstituted Veneer may be dyed as well (see Dyed Veneer). This product allows the “natural” substance to be maintained while freeing the designer to manipulate his/her own horizons.
REVERSE SLIP MATCH - The variation from slip match is that every other piece of veneer in the face is reversed, end for end, with the adjoining sheet which ?balances? the characteristics of the pieces of veneer in the face. It eliminates the ?marching? of character marks across the face. It is the ideal way of taking advantage of the natural character of the veneer with good ?balance? in the face.
ROTARY CUT - Manner of cutting veneer whereby a log is centered in large lathe. As the log revolves, the cutting knife moves slowly toward the center (varying by thickness of the veneer being cut, for instance), and a continuous sheet of veneer is peeled from the log. ex Rotary Book Match
SAPWOOD - This is the outer and living portion of the tree. As additional layers of growth accumulate on the outer perimeter, the inner layers of the sapwood become heartwood. Sap is lighter in color and the differentiation in color and thickness of the sap layer varies considerably by species.
SKETCH FACES - Face of single ply veneer, cut and designed in patterns of varying intricacy to meet specifications of mechanical assembly in grain - or character appearances of veneer used for each segment - all as set forth in sketch of the face submitted with requisition. Such faces are often two-piled
SLICED - This is the method by which most of the find face of veneers are cut. Flat cut and quartered veneers are cut on the slicer as are crotch blocks. The log is first sawn into flitches (sometimes called cants), and this is most commonly a quarter section or half section of a log. It may be trimmed to a many-sided section, but two parallel sides are necessary, one to be held against the surface of the flitch table on the slicer, which clamps the flitch and moves up and down by an electric drive in a slightly shearing motion. The slicer knife, on another section of the machine is fed toward the flitch table slowly, in increments depending on thickness of veneer being cut. In contrast t the feed on the veneer lathe,which moves the knife steadily into the log in rotary cutting, the slicer knife is moved toward the flitch the full amount of the thickness of veneer with each stroke.
SLIP MATCH - This is a method of matching veneers for the face of plywood whereby consecutive sheets of veneer are slipped out side by side (in contrast to turning them over for book matching) and joined together with a repetition of the same grain appearance.
SOFTWOODS - These are the conifers or cone-bearing trees, the Gymnosperms as described in comparison under Hardwoods.
SPECIAL MATCH - Special matching or sketch matching (per a sketch submitted) of veneers may be done in an infinite number of patters, including the more common diamond match, box match, checkerboard and herringbone and a host of others. Any of these may likely be a center design with border.
STUMPWOOD - Stumpwood is that portion of the tree just below the surface and for some 30” above the ground. Veneer cut from this portion is more commonly called Butt Veneer.
TWO PLY - A term indicating treatment of veneers difficult to work and inclined to checking as well as sketch faces where assembly of veneers and patterns result in varying directions of grain in the same face. Such veneers are then worked into desired face (likely a sketch face) and then glued to a thin ply of commercial veneer to hold and stabilize the face. This is two-ply and can then be used and applied as a face on plywood construction as any ordinary single ply veneer. example
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